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Leonard Jefferson
Title Professor
Institution College of Medicine
Department Cellular and Molecular Physiology
Address 500 University Drive Hershey PA 17033
Mailbox: H166
Telephone 7175318567
Email
Background
PREFERRED TITLE/ROLE:

Evan Pugh Professor of Physiology, Chair of Cellular and Molecular Physiology

GRADUATE PROGRAM AFFILIATIONS:

Cell and Molecular Biology, Genetics, Integrative Biosciences, MD/PhD Degree Program, Molecular Medicine, Physiology

EDUCATION:

Ph.D., Vanderbilt University, 1966
Postdoctoral Training, Cambridge University, 1966-1967
Postdoctoral Training, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1967

NARRATIVE:

The laboratory has a longstanding interest in gaining an understanding of the regulation of protein synthesis in tissues such as liver, heart, and skeletal muscle. They were the first to demonstrate that acute changes in protein synthesis were mediated in large part through the regulation of the initiation phase of mRNA translation. They then proceeded to clone, express, and characterize the function and regulation of many of the twelve known initiation factors, many of which themselves are multi-subunit proteins. The knowledge gained through these efforts then led to an investigation of the signaling pathways through which regulatory agents act to mediate changes in mRNA translation. From these efforts, the concept has emerged that regulation does not simply involve increased or decreased translation of bulk mRNA, but rather a selection process that determines whether or not a given mRNA will be translated in a particular situation. Elucidation of the mechanisms involved in this selection process is now recognized to be key to understanding the regulation of gene expression in general.
Publications
1. Kelleher AR, Kimball SR, Dennis MD, Schilder RJ, Jefferson LS. The mTORC1 signaling repressors REDD1/2 are rapidly induced and activation of p70S6K1 by leucine is defective in skeletal muscle of an immobilized rat hindlimb. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Jan; 304(2):E229-36.
  View in: PubMed
 
2. Cheng Y, Ren X, Zhang Y, Shan Y, Huber-Keener KJ, Zhang L, Kimball SR, Harvey H, Jefferson LS, Yang JM. Integrated regulation of autophagy and apoptosis by EEF2K controls cellular fate and modulates the efficacy of curcumin and velcade against tumor cells. Autophagy. 2013 Feb 1; 9(2):208-19.
  View in: PubMed
 
3. Dennis MD, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1)-mediated Phosphorylation Is Governed by Competition between Substrates for Interaction with Raptor. J Biol Chem. 2013 Jan 4; 288(1):10-9.
  View in: PubMed
 
4. Dennis MD, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. Role of p70S6K1-mediated Phosphorylation of eIF4B and PDCD4 Proteins in the Regulation of Protein Synthesis. J Biol Chem. 2012 Dec 14; 287(51):42890-9.
  View in: PubMed
 
5. Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Induction of REDD1 gene expression in the liver in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress is mediated through a PERK, eIF2a phosphorylation, ATF4-dependent cascade. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 Oct 26; 427(3):485-9.
  View in: PubMed
 
6. Schilder RJ, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Cell-autonomous regulation of fast troponin T pre-mRNA alternative splicing in response to mechanical stretch. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2012 Aug 1; 303(3):C298-307.
  View in: PubMed
 
7. Dennis MD, Schrufer TL, Bronson SK, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Hyperglycemia-induced O-GlcNAcylation and truncation of 4E-BP1 protein in liver of a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. J Biol Chem. 2011 Sep 30; 286(39):34286-97.
  View in: PubMed
 
8. Kumari R, Willing LB, Jefferson LS, Simpson IA, Kimball SR. REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage response 1) expression in skeletal muscle as a surrogate biomarker of the efficiency of glucocorticoid receptor blockade. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Sep 9; 412(4):644-7.
  View in: PubMed
 
9. Schilder RJ, Kimball SR, Marden JH, Jefferson LS. Body weight-dependent troponin T alternative splicing is evolutionarily conserved from insects to mammals and is partially impaired in skeletal muscle of obese rats. J Exp Biol. 2011 May 1; 214(Pt 9):1523-32.
  View in: PubMed
 
10. Winter JN, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. ERK and Akt signaling pathways function through parallel mechanisms to promote mTORC1 signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2011 May; 300(5):C1172-80.
  View in: PubMed
 
11. Dennis MD, Baum JI, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Mechanisms involved in the coordinate regulation of mTORC1 by insulin and amino acids. J Biol Chem. 2011 Mar 11; 286(10):8287-96.
  View in: PubMed
 
12. Tuckow AP, Jefferson SJ, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Simvastatin represses protein synthesis in the muscle-derived C2C12 cell line with a concomitant reduction in eukaryotic initiation factor 2B expression. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Mar; 300(3):E564-70.
  View in: PubMed
 
13. Fox TE, Bewley MC, Unrath KA, Pedersen MM, Anderson RE, Jung DY, Jefferson LS, Kim JK, Bronson SK, Flanagan JM, Kester M. Circulating sphingolipid biomarkers in models of type 1 diabetes. J Lipid Res. 2011 Mar; 52(3):509-17.
  View in: PubMed
 
14. Li J, Romestaing C, Han X, Li Y, Hao X, Wu Y, Sun C, Liu X, Jefferson LS, Xiong J, Lanoue KF, Chang Z, Lynch CJ, Wang H, Shi Y. Cardiolipin remodeling by ALCAT1 links oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction to obesity. Cell Metab. 2010 Aug 4; 12(2):154-65.
  View in: PubMed
 
15. Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Control of translation initiation through integration of signals generated by hormones, nutrients, and exercise. J Biol Chem. 2010 Sep 17; 285(38):29027-32.
  View in: PubMed
 
16. Schrufer TL, Antonetti DA, Sonenberg N, Kimball SR, Gardner TW, Jefferson LS. Ablation of 4E-BP1/2 prevents hyperglycemia-mediated induction of VEGF expression in the rodent retina and in Muller cells in culture. Diabetes. 2010 Sep; 59(9):2107-16.
  View in: PubMed
 
17. Tuckow AP, Vary TC, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Ectopic expression of eIF2Bepsilon in rat skeletal muscle rescues the sepsis-induced reduction in guanine nucleotide exchange activity and protein synthesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Aug; 299(2):E241-8.
  View in: PubMed
 
18. Winter JN, Fox TE, Kester M, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. Phosphatidic acid mediates activation of mTORC1 through the ERK signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010 Aug; 299(2):C335-44.
  View in: PubMed
 
19. Harding SV, Adegoke OA, Fraser KG, Marliss EB, Chevalier S, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Wykes LJ. Maintaining adequate nutrition, not probiotic administration, prevents growth stunting and maintains skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates in a piglet model of colitis. Pediatr Res. 2010 Mar; 67(3):268-73.
  View in: PubMed
 
20. Dang Do AN, Kimball SR, Cavener DR, Jefferson LS. eIF2alpha kinases GCN2 and PERK modulate transcription and translation of distinct sets of mRNAs in mouse liver. Physiol Genomics. 2009 Aug 7; 38(3):328-41.
  View in: PubMed
 
21. Baum JI, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Glucagon acts in a dominant manner to repress insulin-induced mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling in perfused rat liver. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Aug; 297(2):E410-5.
  View in: PubMed
 
22. McGhee NK, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. Elevated corticosterone associated with food deprivation upregulates expression in rat skeletal muscle of the mTORC1 repressor, REDD1. J Nutr. 2009 May; 139(5):828-34.
  View in: PubMed
 
23. Zhang L, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Shenberger JS. Hydrogen peroxide impairs insulin-stimulated assembly of mTORC1. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009 Jun 1; 46(11):1500-9.
  View in: PubMed
 
24. Whitney ML, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. ATF4 is necessary and sufficient for ER stress-induced upregulation of REDD1 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Feb 6; 379(2):451-5.
  View in: PubMed
 
25. Gallagher JW, Kubica N, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Reduced eukaryotic initiation factor 2Bepsilon-subunit expression suppresses the transformed phenotype of cells overexpressing the protein. Cancer Res. 2008 Nov 1; 68(21):8752-60.
  View in: PubMed
 
26. Orellana RA, Suryawan A, Kimball SR, Wu G, Nguyen HV, Jefferson LS, Davis TA. Insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and liver of neonatal pigs during endotoxemia. Pediatr Res. 2008 Nov; 64(5):505-10.
  View in: PubMed
 
27. Adegoke OA, Chevalier S, Morais JA, Gougeon R, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Wing SS, Marliss EB. Fed-state clamp stimulates cellular mechanisms of muscle protein anabolism and modulates glucose disposal in normal men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jan; 296(1):E105-13.
  View in: PubMed
 
28. Dardevet D, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Cherrington AD, Rémond D, DiCostanzo CA, Moore MC. Portal infusion of amino acids is more efficient than peripheral infusion in stimulating liver protein synthesis at the same hepatic amino acid load in dogs. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Oct; 88(4):986-96.
  View in: PubMed
 
29. Reiter AK, Bolster DR, Crozier SJ, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. AMPK represses TOP mRNA translation but not global protein synthesis in liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Sep 19; 374(2):345-50.
  View in: PubMed
 
30. Kubica N, Crispino JL, Gallagher JW, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 is both necessary and sufficient to stimulate eukaryotic initiation factor 2Bvarepsilon mRNA translation and protein synthesis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2008; 40(11):2522-33.
  View in: PubMed
 
31. Kimball SR, Abbas A, Jefferson LS. Melatonin represses oxidative stress-induced activation of the MAP kinase and mTOR signaling pathways in H4IIE hepatoma cells through inhibition of Ras. J Pineal Res. 2008 May; 44(4):379-86.
  View in: PubMed
 
32. Kimball SR, Do AN, Kutzler L, Cavener DR, Jefferson LS. Rapid turnover of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) repressor REDD1 and activation of mTORC1 signaling following inhibition of protein synthesis. J Biol Chem. 2008 Feb 8; 283(6):3465-75.
  View in: PubMed
 
33. Manni A, Rager T, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Washington S, Hu X, Verderame MF. Effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine on thrombospondin-1 production by human breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 2007 Nov; 31(5):1187-91.
  View in: PubMed
 
34. Shaheen HH, Horetsky RL, Kimball SR, Murthi A, Jefferson LS, Hopper AK. Retrograde nuclear accumulation of cytoplasmic tRNA in rat hepatoma cells in response to amino acid deprivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 May 22; 104(21):8845-50.
  View in: PubMed
 
35. Vary TC, Anthony JC, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR, Lynch CJ. Rapamycin blunts nutrient stimulation of eIF4G, but not PKCepsilon phosphorylation, in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jul; 293(1):E188-96.
  View in: PubMed
 
36. Krawiec BJ, Nystrom GJ, Frost RA, Jefferson LS, Lang CH. AMP-activated protein kinase agonists increase mRNA content of the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases MAFbx and MuRF1 in C2C12 cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jun; 292(6):E1555-67.
  View in: PubMed
 
37. Wang H, Kubica N, Ellisen LW, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. Dexamethasone represses signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin in muscle cells by enhancing expression of REDD1. J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 22; 281(51):39128-34.
  View in: PubMed
 
38. Orellana RA, Kimball SR, Suryawan A, Escobar J, Nguyen HV, Jefferson LS, Davis TA. Insulin stimulates muscle protein synthesis in neonates during endotoxemia despite repression of translation initiation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Feb; 292(2):E629-36.
  View in: PubMed
 
39. Ramesh G, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Reeves WB. Endotoxin and cisplatin synergistically stimulate TNF-alpha production by renal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2007 Feb; 292(2):F812-9.
  View in: PubMed
 
40. Frost RA, Nystrom GJ, Jefferson LS, Lang CH. Hormone, cytokine, and nutritional regulation of sepsis-induced increases in atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Feb; 292(2):E501-12.
  View in: PubMed
 
41. Antonetti DA, Barber AJ, Bronson SK, Freeman WM, Gardner TW, Jefferson LS, Kester M, Kimball SR, Krady JK, LaNoue KF, Norbury CC, Quinn PG, Sandirasegarane L, Simpson IA. Diabetic retinopathy: seeing beyond glucose-induced microvascular disease. Diabetes. 2006 Sep; 55(9):2401-11.
  View in: PubMed
 
42. Williamson DL, Bolster DR, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Time course changes in signaling pathways and protein synthesis in C2C12 myotubes following AMPK activation by AICAR. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jul; 291(1):E80-9.
  View in: PubMed
 
43. Crozier SJ, Zhang X, Wang J, Cheung J, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Activation of signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms of mRNA translation following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. J Appl Physiol. 2006 Aug; 101(2):576-82.
  View in: PubMed
 
44. Williamson DL, Kubica N, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Exercise-induced alterations in extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling to regulatory mechanisms of mRNA translation in mouse muscle. J Physiol. 2006 Jun 1; 573(Pt 2):497-510.
  View in: PubMed
 
45. Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. New functions for amino acids: effects on gene transcription and translation. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Feb; 83(2):500S-507S.
  View in: PubMed
 
46. Palmer LK, Rannels SL, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Keil RL. Inhibition of mammalian translation initiation by volatile anesthetics. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jun; 290(6):E1267-75.
  View in: PubMed
 
47. Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms through which branched-chain amino acids mediate translational control of protein synthesis. J Nutr. 2006 Jan; 136(1 Suppl):227S-31S.
  View in: PubMed
 
48. Kubica N, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. Eukaryotic initiation factor 2B and its role in alterations in mRNA translation that occur under a number of pathophysiological and physiological conditions. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 2006; 81:271-96.
  View in: PubMed
 
49. Kline CL, Schrufer TL, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. Glucosamine-induced phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 is mediated by the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic-reticulum associated kinase. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2006; 38(5-6):1004-14.
  View in: PubMed
 
50. Escobar J, Frank JW, Suryawan A, Nguyen HV, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Davis TA. Regulation of cardiac and skeletal muscle protein synthesis by individual branched-chain amino acids in neonatal pigs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Apr; 290(4):E612-21.
  View in: PubMed
 
51. Frank JW, Escobar J, Suryawan A, Nguyen HV, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Davis TA. Dietary protein and lactose increase translation initiation factor activation and tissue protein synthesis in neonatal pigs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Feb; 290(2):E225-33.
  View in: PubMed
 
52. Krawiec BJ, Frost RA, Vary TC, Jefferson LS, Lang CH. Hindlimb casting decreases muscle mass in part by proteasome-dependent proteolysis but independent of protein synthesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Dec; 289(6):E969-80.
  View in: PubMed
 
53. Frank JW, Escobar J, Suryawan A, Kimball SR, Nguyen HV, Jefferson LS, Davis TA. Protein synthesis and translation initiation factor activation in neonatal pigs fed increasing levels of dietary protein. J Nutr. 2005 Jun; 135(6):1374-81.
  View in: PubMed
 
54. Crozier SJ, Vary TC, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Cellular energy status modulates translational control mechanisms in ischemic-reperfused rat hearts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 Sep; 289(3):H1242-50.
  View in: PubMed
 
55. Reiter AK, Crozier SJ, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Meal feeding alters translational control of gene expression in rat liver. J Nutr. 2005 Mar; 135(3):367-75.
  View in: PubMed
 
56. Crozier SJ, Kimball SR, Emmert SW, Anthony JC, Jefferson LS. Oral leucine administration stimulates protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle. J Nutr. 2005 Mar; 135(3):376-82.
  View in: PubMed
 
57. Williamson DL, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Acute treatment with TNF-alpha attenuates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis in cultures of C2C12 myotubes through a MEK1-sensitive mechanism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jul; 289(1):E95-104.
  View in: PubMed
 
58. Escobar J, Frank JW, Suryawan A, Nguyen HV, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Davis TA. Physiological rise in plasma leucine stimulates muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs by enhancing translation initiation factor activation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 May; 288(5):E914-21.
  View in: PubMed
 
59. Reiter AK, Bolster DR, Crozier SJ, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Repression of protein synthesis and mTOR signaling in rat liver mediated by the AMPK activator aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleoside. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 May; 288(5):E980-8.
  View in: PubMed
 
60. Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Role of amino acids in the translational control of protein synthesis in mammals. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2005 Feb; 16(1):21-7.
  View in: PubMed
 
61. Kubica N, Bolster DR, Farrell PA, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Resistance exercise increases muscle protein synthesis and translation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2Bepsilon mRNA in a mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent manner. J Biol Chem. 2005 Mar 4; 280(9):7570-80.
  View in: PubMed
 
62. Reiter AK, Anthony TG, Anthony JC, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. The mTOR signaling pathway mediates control of ribosomal protein mRNA translation in rat liver. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Nov; 36(11):2169-79.
  View in: PubMed
 
63. Prod'homme M, Balage M, Debras E, Farges MC, Kimball S, Jefferson L, Grizard J. Differential effects of insulin and dietary amino acids on muscle protein synthesis in adult and old rats. J Physiol. 2005 Feb 15; 563(Pt 1):235-48.
  View in: PubMed
 
64. Kimball SR, Siegfried BA, Jefferson LS. Glucagon represses signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin in rat liver by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 24; 279(52):54103-9.
  View in: PubMed
 
65. Goggin MM, Nelsen CJ, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Morley SJ, Albrecht JH. Rapamycin-sensitive induction of eukaryotic initiation factor 4F in regenerating mouse liver. Hepatology. 2004 Sep; 40(3):537-44.
  View in: PubMed
 
66. Bolster DR, Vary TC, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Leucine regulates translation initiation in rat skeletal muscle via enhanced eIF4G phosphorylation. J Nutr. 2004 Jul; 134(7):1704-10.
  View in: PubMed
 
67. Kimball SR, O'Malley JP, Anthony JC, Crozier SJ, Jefferson LS. Assessment of biomarkers of protein anabolism in skeletal muscle during the life span of the rat: sarcopenia despite elevated protein synthesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Oct; 287(4):E772-80.
  View in: PubMed
 
68. Bolster DR, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. Regulation of protein synthesis associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy by insulin-, amino acid- and exercise-induced signalling. Proc Nutr Soc. 2004 May; 63(2):351-6.
  View in: PubMed
 
69. Kimball SR, Horetsky RL, Jefferson LS. A microtiter plate assay for assessing the interaction of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E with eIF4G and eIF4E binding protein-1. Anal Biochem. 2004 Feb 15; 325(2):364-8.
  View in: PubMed
 
70. O'Connor PM, Kimball SR, Suryawan A, Bush JA, Nguyen HV, Jefferson LS, Davis TA. Regulation of neonatal liver protein synthesis by insulin and amino acids in pigs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jun; 286(6):E994-E1003.
  View in: PubMed
 
71. Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Regulation of global and specific mRNA translation by oral administration of branched-chain amino acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Jan 9; 313(2):423-7.
  View in: PubMed
 
72. Suryawan A, O'Connor PM, Kimball SR, Bush JA, Nguyen HV, Jefferson LS, Davis TA. Amino acids do not alter the insulin-induced activation of the insulin signaling pathway in neonatal pigs. J Nutr. 2004 Jan; 134(1):24-30.
  View in: PubMed
 
73. Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Molecular mechanisms through which amino acids mediate signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2004 Jan; 7(1):39-44.
  View in: PubMed
 
74. Orellana RA, Kimball SR, Nguyen HV, Bush JA, Suryawan A, Thivierge MC, Jefferson LS, Davis TA. Regulation of muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs during prolonged endotoxemia. Pediatr Res. 2004 Mar; 55(3):442-9.
  View in: PubMed
 
75. Wu X, Reiter CE, Antonetti DA, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Gardner TW. Insulin promotes rat retinal neuronal cell survival in a p70S6K-dependent manner. J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 5; 279(10):9167-75.
  View in: PubMed
 
76. Kubica N, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Farrell PA. Alterations in the expression of mRNAs and proteins that code for species relevant to eIF2B activity after an acute bout of resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol. 2004 Feb; 96(2):679-87.
  View in: PubMed
 
77. Lang CH, Frost RA, Deshpande N, Kumar V, Vary TC, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. Alcohol impairs leucine-mediated phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, S6K1, eIF4G, and mTOR in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Dec; 285(6):E1205-15.
  View in: PubMed
 
78. Bolster DR, Kubica N, Crozier SJ, Williamson DL, Farrell PA, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Immediate response of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated signalling following acute resistance exercise in rat skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2003 Nov 15; 553(Pt 1):213-20.
  View in: PubMed
 
79. Crozier SJ, Anthony JC, Schworer CM, Reiter AK, Anthony TG, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Tissue-specific regulation of protein synthesis by insulin and free fatty acids. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Oct; 285(4):E754-62.
  View in: PubMed
 
80. Bolster DR, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Translational control mechanisms modulate skeletal muscle gene expression during hypertrophy. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2003 Jul; 31(3):111-6.
  View in: PubMed
 
81. Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. Amino acids as regulators of gene expression at the level of mRNA translation. J Nutr. 2003 Jun; 133(6 Suppl 1):2046S-2051S.
  View in: PubMed
 
82. Kimball SR, Orellana RA, O'Connor PM, Suryawan A, Bush JA, Nguyen HV, Thivierge MC, Jefferson LS, Davis TA. Endotoxin induces differential regulation of mTOR-dependent signaling in skeletal muscle and liver of neonatal pigs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Sep; 285(3):E637-44.
  View in: PubMed
 
83. Bush JA, Kimball SR, O'Connor PM, Suryawan A, Orellana RA, Nguyen HV, Jefferson LS, Davis TA. Translational control of protein synthesis in muscle and liver of growth hormone-treated pigs. Endocrinology. 2003 Apr; 144(4):1273-83.
  View in: PubMed
 
84. O'Connor PM, Kimball SR, Suryawan A, Bush JA, Nguyen HV, Jefferson LS, Davis TA. Regulation of translation initiation by insulin and amino acids in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jul; 285(1):E40-53.
  View in: PubMed
 
85. Kobayashi H, Børsheim E, Anthony TG, Traber DL, Badalamenti J, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Wolfe RR. Reduced amino acid availability inhibits muscle protein synthesis and decreases activity of initiation factor eIF2B. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Mar; 284(3):E488-98.
  View in: PubMed
 
86. Kimball SR, Horetsky RL, Ron D, Jefferson LS, Harding HP. Mammalian stress granules represent sites of accumulation of stalled translation initiation complexes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2003 Feb; 284(2):C273-84.
  View in: PubMed
 
87. Zhang P, McGrath BC, Reinert J, Olsen DS, Lei L, Gill S, Wek SA, Vattem KM, Wek RC, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Cavener DR. The GCN2 eIF2alpha kinase is required for adaptation to amino acid deprivation in mice. Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Oct; 22(19):6681-8.
  View in: PubMed
 
88. Lynch CJ, Patson BJ, Anthony J, Vaval A, Jefferson LS, Vary TC. Leucine is a direct-acting nutrient signal that regulates protein synthesis in adipose tissue. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Sep; 283(3):E503-13.
  View in: PubMed
 
89. Kimball SR, Farrell PA, Jefferson LS. Invited Review: Role of insulin in translational control of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by amino acids or exercise. J Appl Physiol. 2002 Sep; 93(3):1168-80.
  View in: PubMed
 
90. Crozier SJ, Bolster DR, Reiter AK, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Beta -oxidation of free fatty acids is required to maintain translational control of protein synthesis in heart. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Dec; 283(6):E1144-50.
  View in: PubMed
 
91. Shah OJ, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. The Src-family tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP1 interferes with the activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinases. Biochem J. 2002 Aug 15; 366(Pt 1):57-62.
  View in: PubMed
 
92. Bolster DR, Crozier SJ, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. AMP-activated protein kinase suppresses protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle through down-regulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 5; 277(27):23977-80.
  View in: PubMed
 
93. Anthony JC, Lang CH, Crozier SJ, Anthony TG, MacLean DA, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Contribution of insulin to the translational control of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by leucine. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 May; 282(5):E1092-101.
  View in: PubMed
 
94. Anthony JC, Reiter AK, Anthony TG, Crozier SJ, Lang CH, MacLean DA, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Orally administered leucine enhances protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats in the absence of increases in 4E-BP1 or S6K1 phosphorylation. Diabetes. 2002 Apr; 51(4):928-36.
  View in: PubMed
 
95. Kimball SR, Farrell PA, Nguyen HV, Jefferson LS, Davis TA. Developmental decline in components of signal transduction pathways regulating protein synthesis in pig muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Mar; 282(3):E585-92.
  View in: PubMed
 
96. Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Control of protein synthesis by amino acid availability. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2002 Jan; 5(1):63-7.
  View in: PubMed
 
97. Shah OJ, Iniguez-Lluhi JA, Romanelli A, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. The activated glucocorticoid receptor modulates presumptive autoregulation of ribosomal protein S6 protein kinase, p70 S6K. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jan 25; 277(4):2525-33.
  View in: PubMed
 
98. Pham PT, Heydrick SJ, Fox HL, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Lynch CJ. Assessment of cell-signaling pathways in the regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by amino acids in rat adipocytes. J Cell Biochem. 2000 Sep 7; 79(3):427-41.
  View in: PubMed
 
99. Exton JH, Jefferson LS, Butcher RW, Park CR. Gluconeogenesis in the perfused liver. The effects of fasting, alloxan diabetes, glucagon, epinephrine, adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and insulin. Am J Med. 1966 May; 40(5):709-15.
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Keyword
Last Name
Institution
    
 
 
 
Keywords   
Protein Biosynthesis
Muscle, Skeletal
Protein Kinases
Muscle Proteins
Insulin
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Co-Authors  
Frost, Robert
Kester, Mark
Kimball, Scot
Lang, Charles
Lynch, Christopher
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